On January 1, 1914, Lord Lugard signed a document merging two countries with nothing in common—to fix an accounting problem. 111 years later, Nigerians are still paying the price.
From the 1900 London conference to the African Union's Agenda 2063, Pan-Africanism has shaped Africa's struggle for unity and self-determination. This is the story of a movement born in the diaspora, tested by independence, and still fighting for 'The Africa We Want.
In 1884, European powers met in Berlin to carve up Africa—without a single African present. The borders they drew split 28% of ethnic groups and still cause 57% more violence today. Here's the full story.
Patrice Lumumba was dissolved in acid. Thomas Sankara was shot by his best friend. Amílcar Cabral was killed 8 months before victory. Here's the documented history of African leaders assassinated for demanding real sovereignty.
The flags changed in 1960, but France still controls 14 African currencies. Here's how political independence came without economic freedom—and why 21 of 27 recent African coups happened in former French colonies.
Colonialism wasn't just theft—it was deliberate destruction. Europeans redesigned African economies for extraction, drew borders to divide ethnic groups, and left just 15 university graduates in all of Congo. Here's how it worked.
Mansa Musa was worth $400 billion. Timbuktu had more books than most European cities. Great Zimbabwe's walls still stand after 900 years. Here are the African kingdoms they left out of your textbooks.
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